In addition to its key role in imparting strength to bones and teeth, calcium plays a critical role as a messenger in cell-signaling pathways throughout the body and is necessary for normal cell function, transmission of nerve signals, secretion of hormones, blood coagulation, muscle contraction, and muscle relaxation.
What Is a Cell Signaling Pathway ?
Cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is part of any communication process that governs basic activities of cells and coordinates all cell actions. The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their microenvironment is the basis of development, tissue repair, and immunity, as well as normal tissue homeostasis. Errors in signaling interactions and cellular information processing are responsible for diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and diabetes.[1][2][3] By understanding cell signaling, diseases may be treated more effectively and, theoretically, artificial tissues may be created.[4]
Traditional work in biology has focused on studying individual parts of cell signaling pathways. Systems biology research helps us to understand the underlying structure of cell signaling networks and how changes in these networks may affect the transmission and flow of information (signal transduction). Such networks are complex systems in their organization and may exhibit a number of emergent properties including bistability and ultrasensitivity. Analysis of cell signaling networks requires a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches including the development and analysis of simulations and modeling.[5][citation needed] Long-range allostery is often a significant component of cell signaling events.[6]
Reeference:
It’s not just osteoporosis you have to worry about if you don’t get enough calcium. Check out these calcium deficiency symptoms along with treatment tips.
Calcium, the most abundant mineral in the human body, is best known for its important role in bone health and protection from osteoporosis. However, in addition to its key role in imparting strength to bones and teeth, calcium plays a critical role as a messenger in cell-signaling pathways throughout the body and is necessary for normal cell function, transmission of nerve signals, secretion of hormones, blood coagulation, muscle contraction, and muscle relaxation. Calcium deficiency symptoms may therefore involve any of these functions and manifest in a myriad of ways.
Causes and Signs of Calcium Deficiency
Unfortunately, most Americans don’t meet the current recommendations for adequate calcium intake through diet alone or through diet plus calcium supplements and therefore suffer symptoms of low calcium.[1] Furthermore, numerous factors have been found to impair calcium absorption and/or to lower calcium levels in the blood.[2] These factors include:
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Magnesium deficiency
- High sodium intake
- High phosphorus intake (found in cola soft drinks and food additives)
- Chronic kidney disease
- Abnormal parathyroid function (due to neck/thyroid surgery or autoimmune disease)
- Bariatric surgery (gastric bypass)[3]
- Drugs (proton pump inhibitors, chemotherapy, anti-seizure medications)
Create healthy meal plans and discover the Superfoods that can transform your plate into a passport to better health.
Calcium Deficiency Symptoms
Calcium deficiency symptoms can vary widely—ranging from nonexistent or mild to severe and life-threatening. Chronic untreated calcium deficiency can cause many severe consequences, including rickets, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. However, even though calcium deficiency may not be associated with any symptoms, especially early on, metabolic alterations or potential dysfunctions have already occurred.[4]
Low blood calcium levels and the lack of calcium may lead to the following low calcium symptoms:
- Fainting
- Heart failure
- Chest pains
- Numbness and tingling sensations around the mouth or in the fingers and toes
- Muscle cramps, particularly in the back and legs; may progress to muscle spasm ( tetany)
- Wheezing
- Difficulty swallowing
- Voice changes due to spasm of the larynx
- Irritability, impaired intellectual capacity, depression, anxiety, and personality changes
- Fatigue
- Seizures
- Coarse hair
- Brittle nails
- Psoriasis
- Dry skin
- Chronic itching
- Tooth decay
- Numbness or tingling in the extremities
- Muscle weakness
- Cataracts
- Osteoporosis symptoms (backache; a gradual loss of height and an accompanying stooped posture; fractures of the spine, wrist, or hip.
Calcium Deficiency Treatment and Prevention
Just how much calcium from diet and supplements is needed, and in what form, to prevent calcium deficiency symptoms? How much is required to achieve optimal health?
These questions are currently the subject of much controversy and debate among researchers, doctors, and nutritionally savvy individuals alike. The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine concluded that there are insufficient data from which to determine the RDA for calcium. Instead, they established Adequate Intakes (AIs) for calcium, which are the amounts thought to be sufficient to maintain bone health in healthy people. The AI for adults up to age 50 is 1,000 mg of calcium per day from food and supplements combined. For adults 51 and older, it’s 1,200 mg. As mentioned above, most American adults fail to meet these requirements, even when they take supplements, which can result in bone deficiency symptoms.[1]
How to Increase Calcium Intake
If you experience low calcium in blood symptoms, try to get the majority of your calcium from food sources (see our post “Calcium-Rich Food: Tasty Choices Are Easy to Find“). While dairy is a concentrated source of calcium, other components in dairy make it a poor choice for maintaining bone health.
Instead, opt for foods high in calcium; examples: salmon and sardines canned with bones, kale, collards, broccoli, mustard greens, turnip greens, bok choy, and sesame seeds. For calcium supplements, choose calcium citrate or calcium citrate malate, and take it in at least two divided doses with meals for the best absorption.
Avoid Too Much Calcium from Supplements
Keep in mind that it is just as important to avoid getting too much calcium from supplements as it is to get enough. Excessive calcium from supplements may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and kidney stones, so don’t overdo it. Aim for 1,000 to 1,200 mg from food and supplements combined.
Share Your Experience
Are your calcium levels low? How do you ensure adequate calcium intake? Share your ideas with your fellow readers in the Comments section below.
What is cell signalling ?
ब्रितानी इंग्लिश में ,गोरों की भाषा में ,कोशा -संकेतन -कोशाओं में परस्पर सूचना आदान प्रदान का एक जरिया है जिसके ज़रिये कोशाएं परस्पर समन्वयन करतीं हैं अपने सारे काम काज चलाती रहतीं हैं। ये इनका संचार नेटवर्क है इंट्रानेट है।
मानव शरीर की पूरी इमारत की नींव है -"सेल -सिग्नलिंग" यह इनका सहज बोध है ,अपने सूक्ष्मतर माहौल को देख परखने तदनुरूप अनुक्रिया करने का बेहतरीन साधन है।शरीर को चोट लगने पर कहाँ पहुँचकर अपनी खुद की आहुति देकर कोशिका को खुंरड बनना,रक्त स्राव को रोकना है ऊतकों की मरम्मत करनी है सब कुछ कोशिका संचार का यह साधन ही करता है। रोग प्रतिरोध -सुरक्षा- तंत्र का सहज बल है यह संकेतन।
टिश्यू होमेओस्टासिस का भी यही संचार -तंत्र पुख्ता आधार है। होमोस्टासिस एक प्रकार का फीडबैक कंट्रोल ही है जिसके द्वारा कोशाएं अपनी अंदरूनी दशा का नियंत्रण विनियमन करतीं हैं।
परम्परागत जीव- विज्ञान ने अपना पूरा ध्यान कोशिकाओं के नैजिक सिग्नलिंग पाथवे के अध्ययन को ही समर्पित किया है बेहद ध्यान दिया है इन संचार सेतुओं मार्गों की टोह लेने में।
The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions.
Cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is part of any communication process that governs basic activities of cells and coordinates all cell actions. The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their microenvironment is the basis of development, tissue repair, and immunity, as well as normal tissue homeostasis. Errors in signaling interactions and cellular information processing are responsible for diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and diabetes.[1][2][3] By understanding cell signaling, diseases may be treated more effectively and, theoretically, artificial tissues may be created.[4]
Traditional work in biology has focused on studying individual parts of cell signaling pathways. Systems biology research helps us to understand the underlying structure of cell signaling networks and how changes in these networks may affect the transmission and flow of information (signal transduction). Such networks are complex systems in their organization and may exhibit a number of emergent properties including bistability and ultrasensitivity. Analysis of cell signaling networks requires a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches including the development and analysis of simulations and modeling.[5][citation needed] Long-range allostery is often a significant component of cell signaling events.[6]
Reeference:
Today's Features
(1)http://whatcounts.com/dm?id=6A7A313FC4A3E19057093761E614E3F0F30B90B65866C411
(2)https://universityhealthnews.com/daily/nutrition/21-calcium-deficiency-symptoms-that-will-surprise-you/?mqsc=E3919643&utm_
(3)https://universityhealthnews.com/daily/nutrition/
21-calcium-deficiency-symptoms-that-will-surprise-you/?mqsc=E3919643&utm_source=WhatCou
(4)
Experiencing the sort of calcium deficiency symptoms listed in our lead story? Remember that you can access good sources of calcium via broccoli, dairy, and avocado.
© Robyn Mackenzie | Dreamstime.com
टिप्पणियाँ
एक टिप्पणी भेजें